Verbi irregolari

Infinito

Passato semplice

Participio passato

Significato

Esempio

be

was / were

been

esistere; identità

We were late, but it has been a great day.

bear

bore

borne / born

portare; dare alla luce

The bridge has borne heavy traffic for years.

beat

beat

beaten

colpire; sconfiggere

Our team has beaten the record again.

become

became

become

diventare

She became a nurse after college.

begin

began

begun

iniziare

The class has begun—please sit down.

bend

bent

bent

piegare

He bent the wire into a hook.

bet

bet / betted

bet / betted

scommettere

I bet he’ll call tonight.

bite

bit

bitten

mordere

I’ve never bitten my nails.

bleed

bled

bled

sanguinare

His nose bled after the fall.

blow

blew

blown

soffiare; muovere aria

The wind has blown the papers away.

break

broke

broken

rompere; danneggiare

She has broken her glasses again.

bring

brought

brought

portare

They brought snacks for everyone.

build

built

built

costruire

A new library was built downtown.

burn

burned / burnt

burned / burnt

bruciare

The toast is burnt.

buy

bought

bought

comprare

We bought fresh fruit at the market.

catch

caught

caught

prendere; catturare

I caught the last bus home.

choose

chose

chosen

scegliere

She has chosen a different major.

come

came

come

venire

Please come early tomorrow.

cost

cost

cost

costare

The jacket cost less than I expected.

cut

cut

cut

tagliare

He cut the paper into strips.

deal

dealt

dealt

trattare; occuparsi di

They dealt with the problem quickly.

dig

dug

dug

scavare

We dug a small garden bed.

do

did

done

fare; eseguire

Have you done your homework yet?

draw

drew

drawn

disegnare; tirare

She drew a map for us.

drink

drank

drunk

bere

I’ve drunk enough water today.

drive

drove

driven

guidare

He drove all night to reach the coast.

eat

ate

eaten

mangiare

We’ve eaten already, thanks.

fall

fell

fallen

cadere

The leaves have fallen early this year.

feed

fed

fed

nutrire

She fed the cat before leaving.

feel

felt

felt

sentire; provare

I felt nervous before the exam.

fight

fought

fought

combattere; litigare

They have fought for equal rights.

find

found

found

trovare

I found my keys under the sofa.

fly

flew

flown

volare

He has flown to Tokyo twice this month.

forget

forgot

forgotten / forgot

dimenticare

I’ve forgotten the door code.

forgive

forgave

forgiven

perdonare

She has forgiven him at last.

freeze

froze

frozen

gelare; congelare

The lake froze overnight.

get

got

got / gotten*

ricevere; diventare

She got promoted last week.

give

gave

given

dare

He has given us helpful feedback.

go

went

gone

andare; viaggiare

We’ve gone too far—turn back.

grow

grew

grown

crescere; coltivare

They’ve grown tomatoes on the balcony.

have

had

had

avere; fare esperienza

We had a meeting at noon.

hear

heard

heard

sentire (udire)

I heard a loud knock at the door.

hide

hid

hidden

nascondere

The ring was hidden in a drawer.

hit

hit

hit

colpire

She hit the target twice.

hold

held

held

tenere

They held hands while crossing.

hurt

hurt

hurt

far male; ferire

My ankle hurt after the run.

keep

kept

kept

tenere; conservare

He’s kept every ticket from his trips.

know

knew

known

sapere; conoscere

I’ve known her since primary school.

lead

led

led

guidare; dirigere

She led the workshop last Friday.

learn

learned / learnt

learned / learnt

imparare

They’ve learnt a new skill.

leave

left

left

partire; lasciare

We left early to avoid traffic.

lend

lent

lent

prestare

He lent me his charger.

let

let

let

permettere

They let us enter for free.

lie (recline)

lay

lain

sdraiarsi

He has lain on the sofa all day.

lay (put)

laid

laid

posare; mettere

She laid the baby in the crib.

lose

lost

lost

perdere

We lost the final by one point.

make

made

made

fare; creare

She made a cake for the party.

mean

meant

meant

significare; intendere

I meant to email you yesterday.

meet

met

met

incontrare

We met at a language exchange.

pay

paid

paid

pagare

I’ve already paid the bill.

put

put

put

mettere; posare

Put your phone on silent, please.

read

read /rɛd/

read /rɛd/

leggere

I read the instructions twice.

ride

rode

ridden

cavalcare; andare (in bici)

She’s ridden a camel once.

ring

rang

rung

suonare; telefonare

The bell rang at midday.

rise

rose

risen

salire; aumentare

Prices have risen again this year.

run

ran

run

correre; funzionare

They’ve run five kilometers today.

say

said

said

dire

He said the meeting starts at two.

see

saw

seen

vedere

We’ve seen this movie before.

sell

sold

sold

vendere

They sold their old car last month.

send

sent

sent

mandare; inviare

I sent the report at 9 a.m.

set

set

set

impostare; collocare

Set the timer for 20 minutes.

shake

shook

shaken

scuotere

She’s shaken the bottle—careful!

shine

shone / shined

shone / shined

brillare; lucidare

The sun shone all afternoon.

shoot

shot

shot

sparare; filmare

They shot the scene at night.

show

showed

shown / showed

mostrare

I’ve shown them the new plan.

shut

shut

shut

chiudere

Please shut the window.

sing

sang

sung

cantare

He has sung in a choir for years.

sink

sank

sunk

affondare

The boat sank near the shore.

sit

sat

sat

sedersi

We sat near the stage.

sleep

slept

slept

dormire

I slept better last night.

speak

spoke

spoken

parlare

She has spoken to the manager.

spend

spent

spent

spendere; trascorrere

We spent the weekend outdoors.

stand

stood

stood

stare in piedi

He stood in line for an hour.

steal

stole

stolen

rubare

Someone has stolen my bike.

swim

swam

swum

nuotare

They’ve swum across the bay.

take

took

taken

prendere; portare

Take an umbrella—it’s raining.

teach

taught

taught

insegnare

She has taught English online.

tear

tore

torn

strappare

He tore the page by accident.

tell

told

told

dire; raccontare

I told you the truth.

think

thought

thought

pensare; credere

We thought the shop was open.

throw

threw

thrown

lanciare

She’s thrown the ball to me.

understand

understood

understood

capire

I understood the instructions clearly.

wake

woke / waked

woken / waked

svegliarsi

I woke at six without an alarm.

wear

wore

worn

indossare

He has worn that jacket all winter.

win

won

won

vincere

They won the quiz last night.

write

wrote

written

scrivere

She has written three emails today.