Verbos irregulares

Infinito

Passato

Participio

Significado

Example

be

was/were

been

existir; identidade

We were late, but it has been a great day.

bear

bore

borne/born

carregar; dar à luz

The bridge has borne heavy traffic for years.

beat

beat

beaten

bater; derrotar

Our team has beaten the record again.

become

became

become

tornar-se

She became a nurse after college.

begin

began

begun

começar

The class has begun—please sit down.

bend

bent

bent

curvar; dobrar

He bent the wire into a hook.

bet

bet/betted

bet/betted

apostar; arriscar

I bet he’ll call tonight.

bite

bit

bitten

morder

I’ve never bitten my nails.

bleed

bled

bled

sangrar

His nose bled after the fall.

blow

blew

blown

soprar

The wind has blown the papers away.

break

broke

broken

quebrar; danificar

She has broken her glasses again.

bring

brought

brought

trazer

They brought snacks for everyone.

build

built

built

construir

A new library was built downtown.

burn

burned/burnt

burned/burnt

queimar

The toast is burnt.

buy

bought

bought

comprar

We bought fresh fruit at the market.

catch

caught

caught

pegar; capturar

I caught the last bus home.

choose

chose

chosen

escolher

She has chosen a different major.

come

came

come

vir

Please come early tomorrow.

cost

cost

cost

custar

The jacket cost less than I expected.

cut

cut

cut

cortar

He cut the paper into strips.

deal

dealt

dealt

lidar com; distribuir

They dealt with the problem quickly.

dig

dug

dug

cavar

We dug a small garden bed.

do

did

done

fazer; executar

Have you done your homework yet?

draw

drew

drawn

desenhar; puxar

She drew a map for us.

drink

drank

drunk

beber

I’ve drunk enough water today.

drive

drove

driven

dirigir

He drove all night to reach the coast.

eat

ate

eaten

comer

We’ve eaten already, thanks.

fall

fell

fallen

cair

The leaves have fallen early this year.

feed

fed

fed

alimentar

She fed the cat before leaving.

feel

felt

felt

sentir

I felt nervous before the exam.

fight

fought

fought

lutar; discutir

They have fought for equal rights.

find

found

found

encontrar

I found my keys under the sofa.

fly

flew

flown

voar

He has flown to Tokyo twice this month.

forget

forgot

forgotten/forgot

esquecer

I’ve forgotten the door code.

forgive

forgave

forgiven

perdoar

She has forgiven him at last.

freeze

froze

frozen

congelar

The lake froze overnight.

get

got

got/gotten*

receber; tornar-se

She got promoted last week. (US: gotten as participle)

give

gave

given

dar

He has given us helpful feedback.

go

went

gone

ir; viajar

We’ve gone too far—turn back.

grow

grew

grown

crescer; cultivar

They’ve grown tomatoes on the balcony.

have

had

had

ter; experimentar

We had a meeting at noon.

hear

heard

heard

ouvir

I heard a loud knock at the door.

hide

hid

hidden

esconder

The ring was hidden in a drawer.

hit

hit

hit

bater; atingir

She hit the target twice.

hold

held

held

segurar

They held hands while crossing.

hurt

hurt

hurt

machucar; doer

My ankle hurt after the run.

keep

kept

kept

manter; guardar

He’s kept every ticket from his trips.

know

knew

known

saber; conhecer

I’ve known her since primary school.

lead

led

led

liderar; conduzir

She led the workshop last Friday.

learn

learned/learnt

learned/learnt

aprender

They’ve learnt a new skill.

leave

left

left

sair; deixar

We left early to avoid traffic.

lend

lent

lent

emprestar

He lent me his charger.

let

let

let

permitir

They let us enter for free.

lie (recline)

lay

lain

deitar-se

He has lain on the sofa all day.

lay (put)

laid

laid

colocar

She laid the baby in the crib.

lose

lost

lost

perder

We lost the final by one point.

make

made

made

fazer; criar

She made a cake for the party.

mean

meant

meant

significar; pretender

I meant to email you yesterday.

meet

met

met

encontrar-se

We met at a language exchange.

pay

paid

paid

pagar

I’ve already paid the bill.

put

put

put

colocar

Put your phone on silent, please.

read

read /rɛd/

read /rɛd/

ler

I read the instructions twice.

ride

rode

ridden

andar (bicicleta/cavalo)

She’s ridden a camel once.

ring

rang

rung

tocar; telefonar

The bell rang at midday.

rise

rose

risen

subir; aumentar

Prices have risen again this year.

run

ran

run

correr; funcionar

They’ve run five kilometers today.

say

said

said

dizer

He said the meeting starts at two.

see

saw

seen

ver

We’ve seen this movie before.

sell

sold

sold

vender

They sold their old car last month.

send

sent

sent

enviar

I sent the report at 9 a.m.

set

set

set

definir; ajustar

Set the timer for 20 minutes.

shake

shook

shaken

sacudir

She’s shaken the bottle—careful!

shine

shone/shined

shone/shined

brilhar; polir

The sun shone all afternoon.

shoot

shot

shot

atirar; filmar

They shot the scene at night.

show

showed

shown/showed

mostrar

I’ve shown them the new plan.

shut

shut

shut

fechar

Please shut the window.

sing

sang

sung

cantar

He has sung in a choir for years.

sink

sank

sunk

afundar

The boat sank near the shore.

sit

sat

sat

sentar-se

We sat near the stage.

sleep

slept

slept

dormir

I slept better last night.

speak

spoke

spoken

falar

She has spoken to the manager.

spend

spent

spent

gastar; passar

We spent the weekend outdoors.

stand

stood

stood

ficar em pé

He stood in line for an hour.

steal

stole

stolen

roubar

Someone has stolen my bike.

swim

swam

swum

nadar

They’ve swum across the bay.

take

took

taken

pegar; levar

Take an umbrella—it’s raining.

teach

taught

taught

ensinar

She has taught English online.

tear

tore

torn

rasgar

He tore the page by accident.

tell

told

told

contar; dizer

I told you the truth.

think

thought

thought

pensar; achar

We thought the shop was open.

throw

threw

thrown

lançar

She’s thrown the ball to me.

understand

understood

understood

compreender

I understood the instructions clearly.

wake

woke/waked

woken/waked

acordar

I woke at six without an alarm.

wear

wore

worn

vestir

He has worn that jacket all winter.

win

won

won

ganhar

They won the quiz last night.

write

wrote

written

escrever

She has written three emails today.