Irregular verbs are verbs that don’t follow the standard rule of adding -ed to form the past tense and past participle. Instead, they change in different ways or stay the same across tenses.

Object pronouns are words that replace nouns and receive the action in a sentence. We use them to avoid repeating names or nouns and to clarify who or what the action is directed toward.

Possessive pronouns are words that show ownership or relationship, helping us indicate who something belongs to without repeating the noun. For example, instead of saying "the book of John," we can say "his book."

In English, "was" and "were" are the past simple forms of the verb "be." They’re used to talk about situations, events, or states that happened in the past.

Prepositions of place help us describe where something or someone is located in relation to other things. These words, like in, on, at, under, next to, between, behind, and above, give us a better understanding of the position or location of objects and people.