Unit 3

Word

Definition

Example

stock market

a stock exchange

The Kuwait stock market closed up three points

variety

the differences within a group, set of actions etc that make it interesting

It's the variety that makes my job so enjoyable

currency

a system of money in general use in a particular country

Did you get the foreign currency for our trip?

commodity

Something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage

Coffee and tea are typical examples of commodities

bond

a thing used to tie something or to fasten things together

Bond is a certificate issued by companies and governments to their lenders

boom

a time when business activity increases rapidly, so that the demand for goods increases, prices and wages go up, and unemployment falls

There was an substantial boom in car sales in 2014

bust

if a business goes bust, it cannot continue to operate because it does not have enough money to pay its debts

Some think the Chinese economy may be growing too fast and that bust may follow boom

suffer losses

to lose something (often money), especially as the result of someone else's actions

Airlines are suffering losses

attitude

a settled way of thinking or feeling about something

He has a positive attitude about the changes

bear market

a market in which share prices are falling, encouraging selling

These people know that trading can be profitable both in bull and bear markets

bull market

a market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying

In a bull market, mutual fund managers can find many ways to win

economic climate

the general state of the regional, national, or global economy

The economic climate caused investment income to fall sharply

cautious

careful to avoid problems or danger

Keller is cautious about making predictions for the success of the program

political uncertainty

a state of doubt about the future or about what is the right thing to do

Political uncertainty continues in Kosovo

collapse

(of a structure) suddenly fall down or give way

If we all stopped eating bananas, the economies of some countries would collapse overnight

face financial crisis

In a financial crisis, asset prices notice a sharp decline in value, consumers and businesses are unable to pay their debts etc

Pork producers face financial crisis amid COVID-19 outbreak

impact

the effect of something

Social media has had a great impact on charity fundraising

slowdown

a reduction in activity or speed

The global slowdown has had a much less pronounced impact on Africa than expected

business cycle

a cycle in which business activity increases, decreases, then increases again

They're at the most vulnerable point in their business cycle

recession

a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters

In a recession many people worry about their jobs

downturn

a decline in economic, business, or other activity

I'm concerned about this downturn in the market

rush

move with urgent haste

Let's not rush into anything

crash

(of a vehicle) collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle

A virus crashed the software

worthless

not having any value or good qualities, or not useful:

The information was worthless to me

overnight

during the hours of one night

Prices have gone up overnight

ordinary people

normal and not special or different in any way

Ordinary people doing extraordinary things

savings

the money that one has saved

I don't want to use my savings

bankruptcy

the state of being unable to repay debts

In 1999 it was revealed that he was close to bankruptcy

recover

return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength

It took a long time for the economy to recover after the slump

wide-reaching

Covering a wide scope: all-around, all-inclusive, all-round

There are few events in our lifetime that will have the wide-reaching financial and societal impact

destructive

causing great and irreparable damage

The destructive nature of deforestation is endangering wildlife

mortgage

a legal arrangement by which you borrow money from a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and pay back the money over a period of years

I've finished paying my mortgage, and now I own my house

loan

a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest

I took out a loan to pay for the car

debt

an amount of money that you owe

At last the firm is out of debt

credit crunch

a sudden sharp reduction in the availability of money or credit from banks and other lenders

Due to the credit crunch, we are unable to sell our house

bottom line

the last line on a financial document which shows the final result (total profit once all costs have been deducted)

Bottom line is a company's net income or net loss

profitable

resulting in or likely to result in a profit or a benefit

Is your company profitable?

boost

help or encourage (something) to increase or improve

How to boost our sales?

net profit

the actual profit after working expenses not included in the calculation of gross profit have been paid

Their net profit for the third quarter increased by 15%

regain

to get something back again

He somehow managed to regain his balance

sales target

how much you want to sell

The sales target of beer this season is high because it's summer

revenue

income

Chris wants the new project to generate revenue