Unit 5

Word

Definition

Example

appreciate

to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is or what someone's feelings are

We appreciate that caring for children is an important job

approximate

a little more or less than a number or amount, but not exact

These figures are only approximate

approximately

used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact; roughly

Do you know approximately how much money you have with you?

bank transfer

the act of moving money from one bank to another bank, usually using a computer

Is bank transfer okay for you?

borrow

to get or receive something from someone with the intention of giving it back after a period of time

You are allowed to borrow six books from the library at a time

borrowing

the fact of taking and using money from a bank, or the money that you take and use

Public borrowing has increased

cash

money in the form of coins or notes rather than cheques, credit cards etc

The shop charges less if the customer pays in cash

be short of cash

to not have enough money

Usually at the end of the month, I'm short of cash

cash-in-hand

if someone is paid cash in hand, they are paid in paper money or coins

What if the dealer had a cash-in-hand offer from someone else?

cash on delivery

a way of buying something in which you pay for it when it is delivered to you

Cash on delivery is a payment method in which payment is given when the goods are received

in cash

using cins or paper money

He wanted his share in cash

pay cash

to use coins and paper money to pay for something

They won't take credit cards, so you have to pay cash

petty cash

a small amount of money that is kept in an office to buy things

The company kept some petty cash in a safe

withdraw cash

to take money from your bank account

You can withdraw cash from ATMs in any town or city

cash crunch

a time when a bank, company, government or person does not have enough money to work in the normal way

Often this cash crunch is the reason for shops to go out of business

cash dispenser

a machine that you can get money out of, using a plastic card

I stopped at a cash dispenser and withdrew five hundred pounds

cash flow

the amount of money moving into and out of a business

The business is having problems with cash flow

cash register

a machine that is used in a shop to keep money in and show how much customers have to pay

Each sale is recorded with the cash register

cashless

done or working without using money in the form of coins or paper money

A cashless system of payment would also reduce the opportunities for crime

cashless economy

a system of buying and selling things without using coins or paper money

The world is moving towards a cashless economy

cashless payment

a payment that is made without using money in the form of coins or paper money

Cashless payments are very convenient

client pitch

a presentation you give to make a customer want to buy your product or service

You need to create a great presentation for your next client pitch

competitive

situation in which people or organisations try to be more successful than others

Competitive market can provide benefits to customers

context

Can you work out the meaning of this word from the context of the sentence?

convenient

easy for you to use

My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient time to meet

credit

an arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows you to buy something and pay for it later

The bank wouldn't extend them any credit

on credit

using a system in which you buy things and pay for them later

There's a danger of spending more than you intended and buying things on credit

credit card

a small plastic card that you use to buy goods or services and pay for them later

Do you take credit cards?

currency

a system of money in general use in a particular country

I need to change my money into local currency

debit card

a small rectangular piece of plastic which allows you to make a payment or get money from a bank

I'd like to pay by debit card

debt repayment

money that you pay because you need to give it back to the person or bank you borrowed it from

I am very careful with debt repayment

deposit

a part of the cost of something you are buying that you pay some time before you pay the rest of it

It was a struggle getting them to return our deposit

enclose

to surround something

Please find enclosed an agenda for the meeting

exact

in great detail, or complete, correct, or true in every way

The exact location of the factory has yet to be decided

exchange rate

the value of one currency for the purpose of conversion to another

Exchange rates are changing fast

expense

money spent

Conference rooms were equipped at great expense

figure

a number representing an amount

I can't see any figures in that report!

financial system

all the banks and other organisations that help with the transfer of money between people and business

The whole financial system is in deep trouble

housing

buildings for people to live in

There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region

increase

a situation in which the number, size, or amount of something gets bigger

I need to increase my income

interest

money paid to you by a bank or financial institution when you keep money in an account there

The interest on the loan is 16% per year

interest rate

the percentage of a sum of money charged for its use

Interest rates are pretty low right now

loan

a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest

I had to take out a loan to buy my car

mobile wallet

software that stores your bank or credit card information on your phone

I found a very convenient mobile wallet app is

mortgage

a legal arrangement by which you borrow money from a bank in order to buy a house, and pay back the money later

Can I afford a mortgage on my salary?

mortgage payment

the amount of money you pay the bank each month, in order to pay back the money you borrowed to buy a house

It costs more than my monthly mortgage payment

online payment

the act of paying for something using the internet

An online payment facility is also available

payment

an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid

Let's talk about the payment of the delivery

penny

a small unit of money in Britain. There are 100 pence in one pound

There are 100 pennies in a pound

pension payment

money that you save for a pension

He is responsible for pension payment

raise

lift or move to a higher position or level

I'd like to raise the issue of publicity

remain

continue to exist, especially after other similar people or things have ceased to do so

The crime remained unsolved

rise

when an amount or level becomes larger or higher

We expect a small rise in prises

rising

becoming larger or higher

Many families are struggling to keep up with the rising costs of education

role

the character played by a particular actor in a film, play etc

They want to limit the role of government

savings

the money that one has saved

I had to dip into my savings to afford the holiday

spending

the amount of money that an organisation or the government spends

We have to cut current spending

store card

a card provided by a particular shop, that you can use to buy things at that shop and pay for them later

If you apply for our store card today, you will get an extra discount on any purchases

suffer

to experience physical or mental pain

I suffer from hay fever

supply

make (something needed or wanted) available to someone; provide

My company supplies goods for this café

summary

He gave us a short summary of the meeting

tax revenue

the money the government collects from people

Formal employment has more than doubled, boosting tax revenue

term

the fixed period of time that something lasts for

Multimedia is the term for any technique combining sounds and images

in terms of something

used to show what part of something you are talking about

It's a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions

context 

the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it

Can you work out the meaning of this word from the context of the sentence?

summary

a short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something

He gave us a short summary of the meeting